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음향시스템튜닝과측정
Sound System Tuning and Measurements
목차
제 I편 _음향 튜닝과 청감 테스트
제1장 음향 측정 전 사전 작업
1. 사전 작업
·············································································012
2.
음향 측정 목적
·····································································014
제2장 스피커 시스템 튜닝
1. 스피커 시스템 구성
······························································016
2. 필터
······················································································017
3.
시스템 튜닝
과정··································································017
4.
유닛의 주파수 대역 결정 ·····················································019
5. 필터의
기울기 설정 ······························································020
6.
유닛 간의 시간과 위상 정렬 ·················································027
7. 서브우퍼
튜닝
······································································032
8.
필터의 기울기에 따른 ringing의 차이 ·································034
9. 네트워크 필터들의 특성
비교 ··············································035
10. 선형 위상 필터 네트워크
···················································036
11. 좌우 스피커의 특성 비교
···················································037
제3장 음향 시스템의 최적화
1. 이득 조정
·············································································039
2.
파워 앰프의 조정
·································································040
3. 컴프레서
리미터 조정 ··························································040
4. 음상 정위
조정
·····································································042
5.
하울링 조정
··········································································043
6.
모니터 스피커 조정
······························································046
제4장 음향 시스템의 음질 열화 요인
1. 실내 음향에 의한 음질 열화
·················································049
2. 스피커 시스템 튜닝에 의한 음질 열화
·································059
3. 스피커 간의 간섭에 의한 음질 열화
····································060
4. 앰프와 스피커의 미스 매칭에 의한 음질 열화
·····················066
5. 청각 특성에 의한 음질 열화
·················································067
6. 음원에 의한 음질
열화··························································067
제5장 청감 테스트
1. 청감 테스트의 필요성
··························································069
2. 음향 시스템의 좋은
음질의 조건 ·········································071
3. 청감 테스트 방법
·································································072
4. 기타 체크
사항
·····································································078
제6장 이퀄라이저와 실시간 분석기를 이용한 룸 튜닝
1. 이퀄라이저를 이용한 청감 튜닝
··········································083
2. 실시간 분석기
······································································086
3.
이퀄라이저와 실시간 분석기를 이용한 룸 튜닝···················087
4. 진폭 특성이 평탄하면 음질이 좋은가
··································091
5. Room curve
·······································································092
6.
이퀄라이저는 사용 방법에 따라서 음색이 달라진다···········098
7. 이퀄라이저를 이용한 룸 튜닝의
효과···································101
8. 이퀄라이저를 이용한 룸 튜닝의
한계···································101
제7장 룸 튜닝 후 청감에 의한 음질 체크
1. 보컬이 선명하지 않고 둔탁한 경우
·····································111
2. 보컬의 치찰음이 귀에 거슬리는 경우
··································112
3. 고음이 귀에 거슬리는
경우··················································112
4. 소리가 왜곡된 느낌이 드는 경우
·········································112
5. 저음이 좋지 않은 경우
·························································114
6. 스피커를 스태킹
스프레이한 경우·······································118
7. 청취 레벨에 따른 음질
변화·················································119
제8장 음향적인 룸 튜닝
1. 스피커 설치 위치의 최적화에 의한 룸 튜닝 ························121
2.
음향적인 룸 튜닝
·································································125
제 II편 _음향 측정
제9장 측정 신호의 종류
1. 사인파
··················································································131
2.
IMD 측정 신호
·····································································131
3.
임펄스
··················································································132
4.
백색 잡음
·············································································133
5.
핑크 잡음
·············································································133
6.
MLS 신호
·············································································134
7.
Sweep
신호··········································································136
8.
음악 음
·················································································137
9.
무향 음악
·············································································138
10.
피스톨 음
···········································································138
11.
음향 측정용 무지향성 스피커 ···········································139
12. 측정 신호의 피크
팩터 ·······················································140
제10장 측정용 마이크
1. 측정용 마이크의 특성
··························································143
2. 마이크의 설치 방향
······························································145
3. 마이크의 설치
위치에 따른 콤필터 왜곡 ·····························147
제11장 음압 레벨 측정
1. 음압 레벨
·············································································150
2.
사운드 레벨 미터
·································································150
3. 배경 소음
레벨의 보정 ·························································153
4. 전대역
레벨과 밴드 레벨 ·····················································154
5. 일상
생활에서의 음압 레벨 ·················································156
6. 라우드니스 레벨
··································································156
7. SPL
logging··········································································159
8.
등가 소음 레벨
·····································································160
9.
소음 레벨의 평가 기준
·························································161
제12장 전달 함수 측정
1. 전달 함수
·············································································165
2.
측정 시스템의 구성
······························································167
3. FFT에 의한
전달 함수 측정 ··················································168
4. 전달 함수에 포함된
정보 ·····················································170
제13장 FFT 파라미터
1. 샘플링
··················································································174
2.
양자화
··················································································175
3.
FFT 파라미터
········································································175
4.
FFT 파라미터 설정
·······························································176
5. 주파수
해상도의 향상 ··························································179
6. 윈도우
··················································································180
7.
Decimation ratio
································································183
8.
Overlap percentage
···························································184
제14장 신호 처리 기법
1. 평균화 처리
··········································································186
2.
평활화 처리
··········································································187
3.
주파수 코히런스
··································································189
4. 상관
함수
·············································································191
5.
Gated response
··································································192
6. 일반
실내에서 스피커의 저주파수 특성 측정 ······················193
7. 콘볼루션
··············································································195
제15장 음향 측정 데이터의 종류
1. 시간 영역 데이터
·································································200
2. 주파수
영역 데이터 ······························································203
3.
시간, 주파수, 진폭 영역 데이터 ···········································210
4. 리사주 패턴
··········································································210
제 III편 _음향 측정의 실례와 고찰
제16장 음향기기 측정
1. 신호 대 잡음 비
····································································213
2.
다이내믹 레인지
··································································215
3. 진폭
특성
·············································································215
4.
워터폴 특성
··········································································217
5.
위상 특성
·············································································217
6.
왜곡
······················································································218
7.
스피커의 감도와 최대 음압 레벨··········································222
8. 스피커의 지향 특성
······························································223
9. 스피커의
임피던스 ·······························································225
10.
음향 데이터와 청감과의 대응 ···········································228
제17장 건축 음향 측정
1. 시간 파라미터
······································································231
2.
공간 파라미터
······································································243
3.
건축음향 평가 파라미터 측정 ··············································245
4. 공진 주파수
측정 ·································································253
5. 공조
소음 측정
·····································································256
제18장 음향 시스템 측정
1. 음향 시스템 성능 평가 파라미터
·········································258
2. 반사음
패턴···········································································259
3.
잔향시간···············································································262
4.
명료도
··················································································263
5.
진폭 주파수 특성
·································································267
6. 최대 음압
레벨
·····································································268
7.
음압 레벨 편차
····································································269
8. 잡음
레벨
·············································································270
9.
안전 확성
이득······································································270
제19장 음향 측정 결과의 고찰
1. 측정 데이터와 청감이 일치하지 않은 이유
·························273
2. 측정 오차
·············································································276
3.
명료도 척도의 한계점 ·························································278
4.
종합 품질 평가
·····································································288
5.
고찰
······················································································289
부록
I.푸리에 변환과
FFT···············································292
II.데시벨············································································296
III.
룸 튜닝에 의한 명료도 향상 사례·······304
IV. 영화 음향 시스템의
튜닝··························310
V. 음성 전달
지수····················································314
VI. 복습
문제·································································319
참고 문헌
··················································································340
색인
··························································································342
음향
관련 서적
·········································································346
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